中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

剧中相关商品热度飙升 热播剧为啥能成“带货王”******

　　《狂飙》火了。这部反黑题材的电视剧自播出后口碑炸裂，收视率一路狂飙，剧中相关商品也热度飙升：安欣警官破案用的电脑品牌引关注，剧中的美食肠粉、猪脚面火出圈，剧中关键角色高启强的“成功秘笈”《孙子兵法》更是成为电商平台销冠……热播剧的影响力和带动力可见一斑。

　　这些年，随着电视剧产业高质量发展，一部剧带火一件商品、一个景点乃至一座城市的例子屡见不鲜。当年《长安十二时辰》热播带火临潼火晶柿子等陕西美食；《安家》热播后，上海老严包子铺的原型门口排起长队；《梦华录》热播让人们对象征传统文化的汉服和茶饮心向往之……一些敏锐的商家抓住热点，借势营销，赚得盆满钵满。这是很多品牌绞尽脑汁搞花式营销、主播们坐在直播间讲上一天也未必能达到的效果。

　　热播剧为啥能成“带货王”？作为最贴近大众的文艺形式之一，影视作品具有强大的溢出效应和传播效应，能够潜移默化影响人们的生活方式和消费行为，从而带动文化产品和一般商品的消费热潮。尤其是在如今这个播出多平台、收看多屏幕的时代，一部电视剧的播放量动辄百亿次，抵达人群之广、产生辐射力之大不可小觑。

　　影视作品拉动生产消费大有文章可做。用好热播剧的带货力无疑是消费市场捕捉流量、挖掘存量的关键一招。如何让电视剧更好地为消费市场再添一把火？在这方面，影视工业更为成熟的国家有比较丰富的经验。比如，韩国电视剧就是通过有意识地策划，为韩国的旅游、服装、化妆品、食品、手机等行业带来巨大品牌溢出效应，使这些产业获得更大市场空间，电视剧不仅输出了韩国文化，还培养了“韩国制造”的消费市场，达到两全其美的传播效果。

　　近年来，国产电视剧也开始有意识地为民族产业“代言”。不过，一些电视剧一味急功近利，没有把主要精力用在创作上，也未深入研究如何更巧妙地与消费市场结合，过度植入或“硬”植入广告内容，让消费者的观剧体验大打折扣。这些剧尽管因为满足了品牌方的广告宣传需求而获利，却因剧情拉胯而翻车，品牌最终也没有获得预期的传播效果。如果作品本身是浮夸的、空洞的，观众就很难认同剧中植入的价值理念，更不会为其想带的“货”埋单。

　　作为文化产品，电视剧的真正意义不仅是创造多少收视率、经济价值，更重要的是满足人们的精神文化需求，引领人们树立正确的价值取向。《狂飙》之所以能成为“带货王”，关键是引发了大众的情感共鸣，有令人可亲、可信、可感的人物形象作支撑。润物无声更能深入人心，靠剧情打动吸引观众，这样的“带货王”才有更广泛持久的影响力。（经济日报）